Gpg4win 8192 Bit Key Generation

If your YubiKey can only hold 2048 bits RSA keys, you will need to generate smaller subkeys in the appropriate step (the master key should still be kept at 4096 bits). Step 1: Install and set up GPG If you are using Windows, you will need gpg4win.

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Next: GPG Key related Options, Up: GPG Options [Contents][Index]

4.2.1 How to change the configuration

These options are used to change the configuration and are usually foundin the option file.

--default-key name

Use name as the default key to sign with. If this option is notused, the default key is the first key found in the secret keyring.Note that -u or --local-user overrides this option.This option may be given multiple times. In this case, the last keyfor which a secret key is available is used. If there is no secretkey available for any of the specified values, GnuPG will not emit anerror message but continue as if this option wasn’t given.

--default-recipient name

Use name as default recipient if option --recipient isnot used and don’t ask if this is a valid one. name must benon-empty.

--default-recipient-self

Use the default key as default recipient if option --recipient is notused and don’t ask if this is a valid one. The default key is the firstone from the secret keyring or the one set with --default-key.

--no-default-recipient

Reset --default-recipient and --default-recipient-self.

-v, --verbose

Give more information during processing. If usedtwice, the input data is listed in detail.

--no-verbose

Reset verbose level to 0.

-q, --quiet

Try to be as quiet as possible.

--batch

--no-batch

Use batch mode. Never ask, do not allow interactive commands.--no-batch disables this option. Note that even with afilename given on the command line, gpg might still need to read fromSTDIN (in particular if gpg figures that the input is adetached signature and no data file has been specified). Thus if youdo not want to feed data via STDIN, you should connect STDIN tog/dev/null.

It is highly recommended to use this option along with the options--status-fd and --with-colons for any unattended use ofgpg.

--no-tty

Make sure that the TTY (terminal) is never used for any output.This option is needed in some cases because GnuPG sometimes printswarnings to the TTY even if --batch is used.

--yes

Assume 'yes' on most questions.

--no

Assume 'no' on most questions.

--list-options parameters

This is a space or comma delimited string that gives options used whenlisting keys and signatures (that is, --list-keys,--check-signatures, --list-public-keys,--list-secret-keys, and the --edit-key functions).Options can be prepended with a no- (after the two dashes) togive the opposite meaning. The options are:

show-photos

Causes --list-keys, --check-signatures, --list-public-keys, and --list-secret-keys to display any photo IDs attached to the key. Defaults to no. See also --photo-viewer. Does not work with --with-colons: see --attribute-fd for the appropriate way to get photo data for scripts and other frontends.

show-usage

Show usage information for keys and subkeys in the standard key listing. This is a list of letters indicating the allowed usage for a key (E=encryption, S=signing, C=certification, A=authentication). Defaults to yes.

show-policy-urls

Show policy URLs in the --check-signatures listings. Defaults to no.

show-notations

show-std-notations

show-user-notations

Show all, IETF standard, or user-defined signature notations in the --check-signatures listings. Defaults to no.

show-keyserver-urls

Show any preferred keyserver URL in the --check-signatures listings. Defaults to no.

show-uid-validity

Display the calculated validity of user IDs during key listings. Defaults to yes.

show-unusable-uids

Show revoked and expired user IDs in key listings. Defaults to no.

show-unusable-subkeys

Show revoked and expired subkeys in key listings. Defaults to no.

show-keyring

Display the keyring name at the head of key listings to show which keyring a given key resides on. Defaults to no.

show-sig-expire

Show signature expiration dates (if any) during --check-signatures listings. Defaults to no.

show-sig-subpackets

Include signature subpackets in the key listing. This option can take an optional argument list of the subpackets to list. If no argument is passed, list all subpackets. Defaults to no. This option is only meaningful when using --with-colons along with --check-signatures.

show-only-fpr-mbox

For each user-id which has a valid mail address print only the fingerprint followed by the mail address.

--verify-options parameters

This is a space or comma delimited string that gives options used whenverifying signatures. Options can be prepended with a ‘no-’ to givethe opposite meaning. The options are:

show-photos

Display any photo IDs present on the key that issued the signature. Defaults to no. See also --photo-viewer.

show-policy-urls

Show policy URLs in the signature being verified. Defaults to yes.

show-notations

show-std-notations

show-user-notations

Show all, IETF standard, or user-defined signature notations in the signature being verified. Defaults to IETF standard.

show-keyserver-urls

Show any preferred keyserver URL in the signature being verified. Defaults to yes.

show-uid-validity

Display the calculated validity of the user IDs on the key that issued the signature. Defaults to yes.

show-unusable-uids

Show revoked and expired user IDs during signature verification. Defaults to no.

show-primary-uid-only

Show only the primary user ID during signature verification. That is all the AKA lines as well as photo Ids are not shown with the signature verification status.

pka-lookups

Enable PKA lookups to verify sender addresses. Note that PKA is based on DNS, and so enabling this option may disclose information on when and what signatures are verified or to whom data is encrypted. This is similar to the 'web bug' described for the --auto-key-retrieve option.

pka-trust-increase

Raise the trust in a signature to full if the signature passes PKA validation. This option is only meaningful if pka-lookups is set.

--enable-large-rsa

--disable-large-rsa

With –generate-key and –batch, enable the creation of RSA secret keys aslarge as 8192 bit. Note: 8192 bit is more than is generallyrecommended. These large keys don’t significantly improve security,but they are more expensive to use, and their signatures andcertifications are larger. This option is only available if thebinary was build with large-secmem support.

--enable-dsa2

--disable-dsa2

Enable hash truncation for all DSA keys even for old DSA Keys up to1024 bit. This is also the default with --openpgp. Notethat older versions of GnuPG also required this flag to allow thegeneration of DSA larger than 1024 bit.

--photo-viewer string

This is the command line that should be run to view a photo ID. '%i'will be expanded to a filename containing the photo. '%I' does thesame, except the file will not be deleted once the viewer exits.Other flags are '%k' for the key ID, '%K' for the long key ID, '%f'for the key fingerprint, '%t' for the extension of the image type(e.g. 'jpg'), '%T' for the MIME type of the image (e.g. 'image/jpeg'),'%v' for the single-character calculated validity of the image beingviewed (e.g. 'f'), '%V' for the calculated validity as a string (e.g.'full'), '%U' for a base32 encoded hash of the user ID,and '%%' for an actual percent sign. If neither %i or %I are present,then the photo will be supplied to the viewer on standard input.

On Unix the default viewer isxloadimage -fork -quiet -title 'KeyID 0x%k' STDINwith a fallback todisplay -title 'KeyID 0x%k' %iand finally toxdg-open %i.On Windows!ShellExecute 400 %i is used; here the command is a metacommand to use that API call followed by a wait time in millisecondswhich is used to give the viewer time to read the temporary image filebefore gpg deletes it again. Note that if your image viewer programis not secure, then executing it from gpg does not make it secure.

--exec-path string

Sets a list of directories to search for photo viewers If not providedphoto viewers use the PATH environment variable.

--keyring file

Add file to the current list of keyrings. If file beginswith a tilde and a slash, these are replaced by the $HOME directory. Ifthe filename does not contain a slash, it is assumed to be in the GnuPGhome directory ('~/.gnupg' if --homedir or $GNUPGHOME is notused).

Note that this adds a keyring to the current list. If the intent is touse the specified keyring alone, use --keyring along with--no-default-keyring.

If the option --no-keyring has been used no keyrings willbe used at all.

--secret-keyring file

This is an obsolete option and ignored. All secret keys are stored inthe private-keys-v1.d directory below the GnuPG home directory.

--primary-keyring file

Designate file as the primary public keyring. This means thatnewly imported keys (via --import or keyserver--recv-from) will go to this keyring.

--trustdb-name file

Use file instead of the default trustdb. If file beginswith a tilde and a slash, these are replaced by the $HOME directory. Ifthe filename does not contain a slash, it is assumed to be in the GnuPGhome directory (~/.gnupg if --homedir or $GNUPGHOME isnot used).

--homedir dir

Set the name of the home directory to dir. If this option is notused, the home directory defaults to ~/.gnupg. It is onlyrecognized when given on the command line. It also overrides any homedirectory stated through the environment variable GNUPGHOME or(on Windows systems) by means of the Registry entryHKCUSoftwareGNUGnuPG:HomeDir.

On Windows systems it is possible to install GnuPG as a portableapplication. In this case only this command line option isconsidered, all other ways to set a home directory are ignored.

To install GnuPG as a portable application under Windows, create anempty file named gpgconf.ctl in the same directory as the toolgpgconf.exe. The root of the installation is then thatdirectory; or, if gpgconf.exe has been installed directly belowa directory named bin, its parent directory. You also need tomake sure that the following directories exist and are writable:ROOT/home for the GnuPG home and ROOT/usr/local/var/cache/gnupgfor internal cache files.

--display-charset name

Set the name of the native character set. This is used to convertsome informational strings like user IDs to the proper UTF-8 encoding.Note that this has nothing to do with the character set of data to beencrypted or signed; GnuPG does not recode user-supplied data. Ifthis option is not used, the default character set is determined fromthe current locale. A verbosity level of 3 shows the chosen set.Valid values for name are:

iso-8859-1

This is the Latin 1 set.

iso-8859-2

The Latin 2 set.

iso-8859-15

This is currently an alias for the Latin 1 set.

koi8-r

The usual Russian set (RFC-1489).

utf-8

Bypass all translations and assume that the OS uses native UTF-8 encoding.

--utf8-strings

--no-utf8-strings

Assume that command line arguments are given as UTF-8 strings. Thedefault (--no-utf8-strings) is to assume that arguments areencoded in the character set as specified by--display-charset. These options affect all followingarguments. Both options may be used multiple times.

--options file

Read options from file and do not try to read them from thedefault options file in the homedir (see --homedir). Thisoption is ignored if used in an options file.

--no-options

Shortcut for --options /dev/null. This option is detectedbefore an attempt to open an option file. Using this option will alsoprevent the creation of a ~/.gnupg homedir.

-z n

--compress-level n

--bzip2-compress-level n

Set compression level to n for the ZIP and ZLIB compressionalgorithms. The default is to use the default compression level of zlib(normally 6). --bzip2-compress-level sets the compression levelfor the BZIP2 compression algorithm (defaulting to 6 as well). This is adifferent option from --compress-level since BZIP2 uses asignificant amount of memory for each additional compression level.-z sets both. A value of 0 for n disables compression.

--bzip2-decompress-lowmem

Use a different decompression method for BZIP2 compressed files. Thisalternate method uses a bit more than half the memory, but also runsat half the speed. This is useful under extreme low memorycircumstances when the file was originally compressed at a high--bzip2-compress-level.

--mangle-dos-filenames

--no-mangle-dos-filenames

Older version of Windows cannot handle filenames with more than onedot. --mangle-dos-filenames causes GnuPG to replace (ratherthan add to) the extension of an output filename to avoid thisproblem. This option is off by default and has no effect on non-Windowsplatforms.

--ask-cert-level

--no-ask-cert-level

When making a key signature, prompt for a certification level. If thisoption is not specified, the certification level used is set via--default-cert-level. See --default-cert-level forinformation on the specific levels and how they areused. --no-ask-cert-level disables this option. This optiondefaults to no.

--default-cert-level n

The default to use for the check level when signing a key.

0 means you make no particular claim as to how carefully you verifiedthe key.

1 means you believe the key is owned by the person who claims to ownit but you could not, or did not verify the key at all. This isuseful for a 'persona' verification, where you sign the key of apseudonymous user.

2 means you did casual verification of the key. For example, thiscould mean that you verified the key fingerprint and checked theuser ID on the key against a photo ID.

3 means you did extensive verification of the key. For example, thiscould mean that you verified the key fingerprint with the owner of thekey in person, and that you checked, by means of a hard to forgedocument with a photo ID (such as a passport) that the name of the keyowner matches the name in the user ID on the key, and finally that youverified (by exchange of email) that the email address on the keybelongs to the key owner.

Note that the examples given above for levels 2 and 3 are just that:examples. In the end, it is up to you to decide just what 'casual'and 'extensive' mean to you.

This option defaults to 0 (no particular claim).

--min-cert-level

When building the trust database, treat any signatures with acertification level below this as invalid. Defaults to 2, whichdisregards level 1 signatures. Note that level 0 'no particularclaim' signatures are always accepted.

--trusted-key long key ID

Assume that the specified key (which must be givenas a full 8 byte key ID) is as trustworthy as one ofyour own secret keys. This option is useful if youdon’t want to keep your secret keys (or one of them)online but still want to be able to check the validity of a givenrecipient’s or signator’s key.

--trust-model {pgp|classic|tofu|tofu+pgp|direct|always|auto}

Set what trust model GnuPG should follow. The models are:

pgp

This is the Web of Trust combined with trust signatures as used in PGP 5.x and later. This is the default trust model when creating a new trust database.

classic

This is the standard Web of Trust as introduced by PGP 2.

tofu

TOFU stands for Trust On First Use. In this trust model, the first time a key is seen, it is memorized. If later another key with a user id with the same email address is seen, both keys are marked as suspect. In that case, the next time either is used, a warning is displayed describing the conflict, why it might have occurred (either the user generated a new key and failed to cross sign the old and new keys, the key is forgery, or a man-in-the-middle attack is being attempted), and the user is prompted to manually confirm the validity of the key in question.

Because a potential attacker is able to control the email address and thereby circumvent the conflict detection algorithm by using an email address that is similar in appearance to a trusted email address, whenever a message is verified, statistics about the number of messages signed with the key are shown. In this way, a user can easily identify attacks using fake keys for regular correspondents.

When compared with the Web of Trust, TOFU offers significantly weaker security guarantees. In particular, TOFU only helps ensure consistency (that is, that the binding between a key and email address doesn’t change). A major advantage of TOFU is that it requires little maintenance to use correctly. To use the web of trust properly, you need to actively sign keys and mark users as trusted introducers. This is a time-consuming process and anecdotal evidence suggests that even security-conscious users rarely take the time to do this thoroughly and instead rely on an ad-hoc TOFU process.

In the TOFU model, policies are associated with bindings between keys and email addresses (which are extracted from user ids and normalized). There are five policies, which can be set manually using the --tofu-policy option. The default policy can be set using the --tofu-default-policy option.

The TOFU policies are: auto, good, unknown, bad and ask. The auto policy is used by default (unless overridden by --tofu-default-policy) and marks a binding as marginally trusted. The good, unknown and bad policies mark a binding as fully trusted, as having unknown trust or as having trust never, respectively. The unknown policy is useful for just using TOFU to detect conflicts, but to never assign positive trust to a binding. The final policy, ask prompts the user to indicate the binding’s trust. If batch mode is enabled (or input is inappropriate in the context), then the user is not prompted and the undefined trust level is returned.

tofu+pgp

This trust model combines TOFU with the Web of Trust. This is done by computing the trust level for each model and then taking the maximum trust level where the trust levels are ordered as follows: unknown < undefined < marginal < fully < ultimate < expired < never.

By setting --tofu-default-policy=unknown, this model can be used to implement the web of trust with TOFU’s conflict detection algorithm, but without its assignment of positive trust values, which some security-conscious users don’t like.

direct

Key validity is set directly by the user and not calculated via the Web of Trust. This model is solely based on the key and does not distinguish user IDs. Note that when changing to another trust model the trust values assigned to a key are transformed into ownertrust values, which also indicate how you trust the owner of the key to sign other keys.

always

Skip key validation and assume that used keys are always fully valid. You generally won’t use this unless you are using some external validation scheme. This option also suppresses the '[uncertain]' tag printed with signature checks when there is no evidence that the user ID is bound to the key. Note that this trust model still does not allow the use of expired, revoked, or disabled keys.

auto

Select the trust model depending on whatever the internal trust database says. This is the default model if such a database already exists. Note that a tofu trust model is not considered here and must be enabled explicitly.

--auto-key-locate mechanisms

--no-auto-key-locate

GnuPG can automatically locate and retrieve keys as needed using thisoption. This happens when encrypting to an email address (in the'user@example.com' form), and there are no 'user@example.com' keyson the local keyring. This option takes any number of the mechanismslisted below, in the order they are to be tried. Instead of listingthe mechanisms as comma delimited arguments, the option may also begiven several times to add more mechanism. The option--no-auto-key-locate or the mechanism 'clear' resets thelist. The default is 'local,wkd'.

cert

Locate a key using DNS CERT, as specified in RFC-4398.

pka

Locate a key using DNS PKA.

dane

Locate a key using DANE, as specified in draft-ietf-dane-openpgpkey-05.txt.

wkd

Locate a key using the Web Key Directory protocol.

ldap

Using DNS Service Discovery, check the domain in question for any LDAP keyservers to use. If this fails, attempt to locate the key using the PGP Universal method of checking ‘ldap://keys.(thedomain)’.

keyserver

Locate a key using a keyserver.

keyserver-URL

In addition, a keyserver URL as used in the dirmngr configuration may be used here to query that particular keyserver.

local

Locate the key using the local keyrings. This mechanism allows the user to select the order a local key lookup is done. Thus using ‘--auto-key-locate local’ is identical to --no-auto-key-locate.

nodefault

This flag disables the standard local key lookup, done before any of the mechanisms defined by the --auto-key-locate are tried. The position of this mechanism in the list does not matter. It is not required if local is also used.

clear

Clear all defined mechanisms. This is useful to override mechanisms given in a config file. Note that a nodefault in mechanisms will also be cleared unless it is given after the clear.

--auto-key-retrieve

--no-auto-key-retrieve

These options enable or disable the automatic retrieving of keys froma keyserver when verifying signatures made by keys that are not on thelocal keyring. The default is --no-auto-key-retrieve.

The order of methods tried to lookup the key is:

1. If a preferred keyserver is specified in the signature and theoption honor-keyserver-url is active (which is not thedefault), that keyserver is tried. Note that the creator of thesignature uses the option --sig-keyserver-url to specify thepreferred keyserver for data signatures.

2. If the signature has the Signer’s UID set (e.g. using--sender while creating the signature) a Web Key Directory(WKD) lookup is done. This is the default configuration but can bedisabled by removing WKD from the auto-key-locate list or by using theoption --disable-signer-uid.

3. If the option honor-pka-record is active, the legacy PKAmethod is used.

4. If any keyserver is configured and the Issuer Fingerprint is partof the signature (since GnuPG 2.1.16), the configured keyservers aretried.

Note that this option makes a 'web bug' like behavior possible.Keyserver or Web Key Directory operators can see which keys yourequest, so by sending you a message signed by a brand new key (whichyou naturally will not have on your local keyring), the operator cantell both your IP address and the time when you verified thesignature.

--keyid-format {none|short|0xshort|long|0xlong}

Select how to display key IDs. 'none' does not show the key ID at allbut shows the fingerprint in a separate line. 'short' is thetraditional 8-character key ID. 'long' is the more accurate (but lessconvenient) 16-character key ID. Add an '0x' to either to include an'0x' at the beginning of the key ID, as in 0x99242560. Note that thisoption is ignored if the option --with-colons is used.

--keyserver name

This option is deprecated - please use the --keyserver indirmngr.conf instead.

Use name as your keyserver. This is the server that--receive-keys, --send-keys, and --search-keyswill communicate with to receive keys from, send keys to, and search forkeys on. The format of the name is a URI:‘scheme:[//]keyservername[:port]’ The scheme is the type of keyserver:'hkp' for the HTTP (or compatible) keyservers, 'ldap' for the LDAPkeyservers, or 'mailto' for the Graff email keyserver. Note that yourparticular installation of GnuPG may have other keyserver typesavailable as well. Keyserver schemes are case-insensitive. After thekeyserver name, optional keyserver configuration options may beprovided. These are the same as the global --keyserver-optionsfrom below, but apply only to this particular keyserver.

Most keyservers synchronize with each other, so there is generally noneed to send keys to more than one server. The keyserverhkp://keys.gnupg.net uses round robin DNS to give a differentkeyserver each time you use it.

--keyserver-options {name=value}

This is a space or comma delimited string that gives options for thekeyserver. Options can be prefixed with a ‘no-’ to give the oppositemeaning. Valid import-options or export-options may be used here aswell to apply to importing (--recv-key) or exporting(--send-key) a key from a keyserver. While not all optionsare available for all keyserver types, some common options are:

include-revoked

When searching for a key with --search-keys, include keys that are marked on the keyserver as revoked. Note that not all keyservers differentiate between revoked and unrevoked keys, and for such keyservers this option is meaningless. Note also that most keyservers do not have cryptographic verification of key revocations, and so turning this option off may result in skipping keys that are incorrectly marked as revoked.

include-disabled

When searching for a key with --search-keys, include keys that are marked on the keyserver as disabled. Note that this option is not used with HKP keyservers.

auto-key-retrieve

This is an obsolete alias for the option auto-key-retrieve. Please do not use it; it will be removed in future versions.

honor-keyserver-url

When using --refresh-keys, if the key in question has a preferred keyserver URL, then use that preferred keyserver to refresh the key from. In addition, if auto-key-retrieve is set, and the signature being verified has a preferred keyserver URL, then use that preferred keyserver to fetch the key from. Note that this option introduces a 'web bug': The creator of the key can see when the keys is refreshed. Thus this option is not enabled by default.

honor-pka-record

If --auto-key-retrieve is used, and the signature being verified has a PKA record, then use the PKA information to fetch the key. Defaults to 'yes'.

include-subkeys

When receiving a key, include subkeys as potential targets. Note that this option is not used with HKP keyservers, as they do not support retrieving keys by subkey id.

timeout

http-proxy=value

verbose

debug

check-cert

ca-cert-file

These options have no more function since GnuPG 2.1. Use the dirmngr configuration options instead.

The default list of options is: 'self-sigs-only, import-clean,repair-keys, repair-pks-subkey-bug, export-attributes,honor-pka-record'.

--completes-needed n

Number of completely trusted users to introduce a newkey signer (defaults to 1).

--marginals-needed n

Number of marginally trusted users to introduce a newkey signer (defaults to 3)

--tofu-default-policy {auto|good|unknown|bad|ask}

The default TOFU policy (defaults to auto). For moreinformation about the meaning of this option, see trust-model-tofu.

--max-cert-depth n

Maximum depth of a certification chain (default is 5).

--no-sig-cache

Do not cache the verification status of key signatures.Caching gives a much better performance in key listings. However, ifyou suspect that your public keyring is not safe against writemodifications, you can use this option to disable the caching. Itprobably does not make sense to disable it because all kind of damagecan be done if someone else has write access to your public keyring.

--auto-check-trustdb

--no-auto-check-trustdb

If GnuPG feels that its information about the Web of Trust has to beupdated, it automatically runs the --check-trustdb commandinternally. This may be a time consumingprocess. --no-auto-check-trustdb disables this option.

--use-agent

--no-use-agent

This is dummy option. gpg always requires the agent.

--gpg-agent-info

This is dummy option. It has no effect when used with gpg.

--agent-program file

Specify an agent program to be used for secret key operations. Thedefault value is determined by running gpgconf with theoption --list-dirs. Note that the pipe symbol (|) isused for a regression test suite hack and may thus not be used in thefile name.

--dirmngr-program file

Specify a dirmngr program to be used for keyserver access. Thedefault value is /usr/local/bin/dirmngr.

--disable-dirmngr

Entirely disable the use of the Dirmngr.

--no-autostart

Do not start the gpg-agent or the dirmngr if it has not yet beenstarted and its service is required. This option is mostly useful onmachines where the connection to gpg-agent has been redirected toanother machines. If dirmngr is required on the remote machine, itmay be started manually using gpgconf --launch dirmngr.

--lock-once

Lock the databases the first time a lock is requestedand do not release the lock until the processterminates.

--lock-multiple

Release the locks every time a lock is no longerneeded. Use this to override a previous --lock-oncefrom a config file.

--lock-never

Disable locking entirely. This option should be used only in veryspecial environments, where it can be assured that only one processis accessing those files. A bootable floppy with a stand-aloneencryption system will probably use this. Improper usage of thisoption may lead to data and key corruption.

--exit-on-status-write-error

This option will cause write errors on the status FD to immediatelyterminate the process. That should in fact be the default but it neverworked this way and thus we need an option to enable this, so that thechange won’t break applications which close their end of a status fdconnected pipe too early. Using this option along with--enable-progress-filter may be used to cleanly cancel longrunning gpg operations.

--limit-card-insert-tries n

With n greater than 0 the number of prompts asking to insert asmartcard gets limited to N-1. Thus with a value of 1 gpg won’t atall ask to insert a card if none has been inserted at startup. Thisoption is useful in the configuration file in case an application doesnot know about the smartcard support and waits ad infinitum for aninserted card.

--no-random-seed-file

GnuPG uses a file to store its internal random pool over invocations.This makes random generation faster; however sometimes write operationsare not desired. This option can be used to achieve that with the cost ofslower random generation.

--no-greeting

Suppress the initial copyright message.

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--no-secmem-warning

Suppress the warning about 'using insecure memory'.

--no-permission-warning

Suppress the warning about unsafe file and home directory (--homedir)permissions. Note that the permission checks that GnuPG performs arenot intended to be authoritative, but rather they simply warn aboutcertain common permission problems. Do not assume that the lack of awarning means that your system is secure.

Note that the warning for unsafe --homedir permissions cannot besuppressed in the gpg.conf file, as this would allow an attacker toplace an unsafe gpg.conf file in place, and use this file to suppresswarnings about itself. The --homedir permissions warning may only besuppressed on the command line.

--require-secmem

--no-require-secmem

Refuse to run if GnuPG cannot get secure memory. Defaults to no(i.e. run, but give a warning).

--require-cross-certification

--no-require-cross-certification

When verifying a signature made from a subkey, ensure that the crosscertification 'back signature' on the subkey is present and valid. Thisprotects against a subtle attack against subkeys that can sign.Defaults to --require-cross-certification forgpg.

Gpg4win 8192 Bit Key Generation 3

--expert

--no-expert

Allow the user to do certain nonsensical or 'silly' things likesigning an expired or revoked key, or certain potentially incompatiblethings like generating unusual key types. This also disables certainwarning messages about potentially incompatible actions. As the nameimplies, this option is for experts only. If you don’t fullyunderstand the implications of what it allows you to do, leave thisoff. --no-expert disables this option.

Next: GPG Key related Options, Up: GPG Options [Contents][Index]

Next: Signing Keys, Previous: Manipulating Keys, Up: Key Management [Contents][Index]

7.5.5 Generating Keys

GPGME provides a set of functions to create public key pairs. Most ofthese functions require the use of GnuPG 2.1 and later; for olderGnuPG versions the gpgme_op_genkey function can be used.Existing code which wants to update to the new functions or new codewhich shall supports older GnuPG versions may try the new functionsfirst and provide a fallback to the old function if the error codeGPG_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED is received.

Function: gpgme_error_tgpgme_op_createkey(gpgme_ctx_tctx, const char *userid, const char *algo, unsigned long reserved, unsigned long expires, gpgme_key_textrakey, unsigned int flags);

SINCE: 1.7.0

The function gpgme_op_createkey generates a new key for theprocotol active in the context ctx. As of now this functiondoes only work for OpenPGP and requires at least version 2.1.13 ofGnuPG.

userid is commonly the mail address associated with the key.GPGME does not require a specific syntax but if more than a mailaddress is given, RFC-822 style format is suggested. The value isexpected to be in UTF-8 encoding (i.e. no IDN encoding for mailaddresses). This is a required parameter.

algo specifies the algorithm for the new key (actually a keypairof public and private key). For a list of supported algorithms, seethe GnuPG manual. If algo is NULL or the string'default', the key is generated using the default algorithm of theengine. If the string 'future-default' is used the engine may use analgorithm which is planned to be the default in a future release ofthe engine; however existing implementation of the protocol may not beable to already handle such future algorithms. For the OpenPGPprotocol, the specification of a default algorithm, without requestinga non-default usage via flags, triggers the creation of aprimary key plus a secondary key (subkey).

reserved must be set to zero.

expires specifies the expiration time in seconds. If you supply0, a reasonable expiration time is chosen. Use the flagGPGME_CREATE_NOEXPIRE to create keys that do not expire. Notethat this parameter takes an unsigned long value and not atime_t to avoid problems on systems which use a signed 32 bittime_t. Note further that the OpenPGP protocol uses 32 bitvalues for timestamps and thus can only encode dates up to the year2106.

extrakey is currently not used and must be set to NULL.A future version of GPGME may use this parameter to create X.509 keys.

flags can be set to the bit-wise OR of the following flags:

GPGME_CREATE_SIGN

GPGME_CREATE_ENCR

GPGME_CREATE_CERT

GPGME_CREATE_AUTH

SINCE: 1.7.0

Do not create the key with the default capabilities (key usage) of therequested algorithm but use those explicitly given by these flags:“signing”, “encryption”, “certification”, or “authentication”.The allowed combinations depend on the algorithm.

If any of these flags are set and a default algorithm has beenselected only one key is created in the case of the OpenPGPprotocol.

GPGME_CREATE_NOPASSWD

SINCE: 1.7.0

Request generation of the key without password protection.

GPGME_CREATE_SELFSIGNED

SINCE: 1.7.0

Gpg4win 8192 Bit Key Generation Free

For an X.509 key do not create a CSR but a self-signed certificate.This has not yet been implemented.

GPGME_CREATE_NOSTORE

SINCE: 1.7.0

Do not store the created key in the local key database.This has not yet been implemented.

GPGME_CREATE_WANTPUB

GPGME_CREATE_WANTSEC

SINCE: 1.7.0

Return the public or secret key as part of the result structure.This has not yet been implemented.

GPGME_CREATE_FORCE

SINCE: 1.7.0

The engine does not allow the creation of a key with a user IDalready existing in the local key database. This flag can be used tooverride this check.

GPGME_CREATE_NOEXPIRE

SINCE: 1.8.0

Request generation of keys that do not expire.

After the operation completed successfully, information about thecreated key can be retrieved with gpgme_op_genkey_result.

The function returns zero on success, GPG_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED ifthe engine does not support the command, or a bunch of other errorcodes.

Function: gpgme_error_tgpgme_op_createkey_start(gpgme_ctx_tctx, const char *userid, const char *algo, unsigned long reserved, unsigned long expires, gpgme_key_textrakey, unsigned int flags);

SINCE: 1.7.0

The function gpgme_op_createkey_start initiates agpgme_op_createkey operation; see there for details. It mustbe completed by calling gpgme_wait on the context.See Waiting For Completion.

Function: gpgme_error_tgpgme_op_createsubkey(gpgme_ctx_tctx, gpgme_key_tkey, const char *algo, unsigned long reserved, unsigned long expires, unsigned int flags);

SINCE: 1.7.0

The function gpgme_op_createsubkey creates and adds a newsubkey to the primary OpenPGP key given by KEY. The onlyallowed protocol in ctx is GPGME_PROTOCOL_OPENPGP.Subkeys (aka secondary keys) are a concept in the OpenPGP protocol tobind several keys to a primary key. As of now this function requiresat least version 2.1.13 of GnuPG.

key specifies the key to operate on.

algo specifies the algorithm for the new subkey. For a list ofsupported algorithms, see the GnuPG manual. If algo isNULL or the string 'default', the subkey is generated using thedefault algorithm for an encryption subkey of the engine. If thestring 'future-default' is used the engine may use an encryptionalgorithm which is planned to be the default in a future release ofthe engine; however existing implementation of the protocol may not beable to already handle such future algorithms.

reserved must be set to zero.

expires specifies the expiration time in seconds. If you supply0, a reasonable expiration time is chosen. Use the flagGPGME_CREATE_NOEXPIRE to create keys that do not expire. Notethat this parameter takes an unsigned long value and not atime_t to avoid problems on systems which use a signed 32 bittime_t. Note further that the OpenPGP protocol uses 32 bitvalues for timestamps and thus can only encode dates up to the year2106.

flags takes the same values as described above forgpgme_op_createkey.

After the operation completed successfully, information about thecreated key can be retrieved with gpgme_op_genkey_result.

The function returns zero on success, GPG_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED ifthe engine does not support the command, or a bunch of other errorcodes.

Function: gpgme_error_tgpgme_op_createsubkey_start(gpgme_ctx_tctx, gpgme_key_tkey, const char *algo, unsigned long reserved, unsigned long expires, unsigned int flags);

SINCE: 1.7.0

The function gpgme_op_createsubkey_start initiates agpgme_op_createsubkey operation; see there for details. It mustbe completed by calling gpgme_wait on the context.See Waiting For Completion.

Function: gpgme_error_tgpgme_op_adduid(gpgme_ctx_tctx, gpgme_key_tkey, const char *userid, unsigned int flags);

SINCE: 1.7.0

The function gpgme_op_adduid adds a new user ID to the OpenPGPkey given by KEY. Adding additional user IDs after key creationis a feature of the OpenPGP protocol and thus the protocol for thecontext ctx must be set to OpenPGP. As of now this functionrequires at least version 2.1.13 of GnuPG.

key specifies the key to operate on.

userid is the user ID to add to the key. A user ID is commonlythe mail address to be associated with the key. GPGME does notrequire a specific syntax but if more than a mail address is given,RFC-822 style format is suggested. The value is expected to be inUTF-8 encoding (i.e. no IDN encoding for mail addresses). This is arequired parameter.

flags are currently not used and must be set to zero.

The function returns zero on success, GPG_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED ifthe engine does not support the command, or a bunch of other errorcodes.

Function: gpgme_error_tgpgme_op_adduid_start(gpgme_ctx_tctx, gpgme_key_tkey, const char *userid, unsigned int flags);

SINCE: 1.7.0

The function gpgme_op_adduid_start initiates agpgme_op_adduid operation; see there for details. It mustbe completed by calling gpgme_wait on the context.See Waiting For Completion.

Function: gpgme_error_tgpgme_op_revuid(gpgme_ctx_tctx, gpgme_key_tkey, const char *userid, unsigned int flags);

SINCE: 1.7.0

The function gpgme_op_revuid revokes a user ID from the OpenPGPkey given by KEY. Revoking user IDs after key creation is afeature of the OpenPGP protocol and thus the protocol for the contextctx must be set to OpenPGP. As of now this function requires atleast version 2.1.13 of GnuPG.

key specifies the key to operate on.

userid is the user ID to be revoked from the key. The user IDmust be given verbatim because the engine does an exact and casesensitive match. Thus the uid field from the user ID object(gpgme_user_id_t) is to be used. This is a required parameter.

flags are currently not used and must be set to zero.

Discussion relating to Call of Duty: Black Ops IIII should be posted on or.No Derogatory Language, Harassment, Bullying, Witch Hunting, etc. Key generator download. Age, Nationality, Race, Gender, Sexuality, Religion and Economic Status are all irrelevant here, everyone is welcome.

Note that the engine won’t allow to revoke the last valid user ID. Tochange a user ID is better to first add the new user ID, then revokethe old one, and finally publish the key.

The function returns zero on success, GPG_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED ifthe engine does not support the command, or a bunch of other errorcodes.

Function: gpgme_error_tgpgme_op_revuid_start(gpgme_ctx_tctx, gpgme_key_tkey, const char *userid, unsigned int flags);

SINCE: 1.7.0

The function gpgme_op_revuid_start initiates agpgme_op_revuid operation; see there for details. It mustbe completed by calling gpgme_wait on the context.See Waiting For Completion.

Function: gpgme_error_tgpgme_op_set_ui_flag(gpgme_ctx_tctx, gpgme_key_tkey, const char *userid, cons char * name, cons char * value);

SINCE: 1.8.0

The function gpgme_op_set_uid_flag is used to set flags on auser ID from the OpenPGP key given by KEY. Setting flags onuser IDs after key creation is a feature of the OpenPGP protocol andthus the protocol for the context ctx must be set to OpenPGP.

key specifies the key to operate on. This parameters is required.

userid is the user ID of the key to be manipulated. This user IDmust be given verbatim because the engine does an exact and casesensitive match. Thus the uid field from the user ID object(gpgme_user_id_t) is to be used. This is a required parameter.

name names the flag which is to be changed. The only currentlysupported flag is:

primary

This sets the primary key flag on the given user ID. All otherprimary key flag on other user IDs are removed. value must begiven as NULL. For technical reasons this functions bumps thecreation timestamp of all affected self-signatures up by one second.At least GnuPG version 2.1.20 is required.

The function returns zero on success, GPG_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED ifthe engine does not support the command, or a bunch of other errorcodes.

Function: gpgme_error_tgpgme_op_set_uid_flag_start(gpgme_ctx_tctx, gpgme_key_tkey, const char *userid, cons char * name, cons char * value);

SINCE: 1.8.0

The function gpgme_op_set_uid_flag_start initiates agpgme_op_set_uid_flag operation; see there for details. It mustbe completed by calling gpgme_wait on the context.See Waiting For Completion.

Function: gpgme_error_tgpgme_op_genkey(gpgme_ctx_tctx, const char *parms, gpgme_data_tpublic, gpgme_data_tsecret)

The function gpgme_op_genkey generates a new key pair in thecontext ctx. The meaning of public and secretdepends on the crypto backend.

GPG does not support public and secret, they should beNULL. GnuPG will generate a key pair and add it to thestandard key ring. The fingerprint of the generated key is availablewith gpgme_op_genkey_result.

GpgSM requires public to be a writable data object. GpgSM willgenerate a secret key (which will be stored by gpg-agent,and return a certificate request in public, which then needs tobe signed by the certification authority and imported before it can beused. GpgSM does not make the fingerprint available.

The argument parms specifies parameters for the key in an stringthat looks something like XML. The details about the format ofparms are specific to the crypto engine used by ctx. Thefirst line of the parameters must be <GnupgKeyParamsformat='internal'> and the last line must be</GnupgKeyParams>. Every line in between the first and lastlines is treated as a Header: Value pair. In particular, no XMLescaping is necessary if you need to include the characters <,>, or &.

Here is an example for GnuPG as the crypto engine (all parameters ofOpenPGP key generation are documented in the GPG manual):

Gpg4win 8192 Bit Key Generation 10

Here is an example for GpgSM as the crypto engine (all parameters ofOpenPGP key generation are documented in the GPGSM manual):

Strings should be given in UTF-8 encoding. The only format supportedfor now is “internal”. The content of the GnupgKeyParmscontainer is passed verbatim to the crypto backend. Controlstatements are not allowed.

After the operation completed successfully, the result can beretrieved with gpgme_op_genkey_result.

The function returns the error code GPG_ERR_NO_ERROR if theoperation could be started successfully, GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE ifparms is not a well-formed string (e.g. does not have theexpected tag-like headers and footers), GPG_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTEDif public or secret is not valid, andGPG_ERR_GENERAL if no key was created by the backend.

Function: gpgme_error_tgpgme_op_genkey_start(gpgme_ctx_tctx, const char *parms, gpgme_data_tpublic, gpgme_data_tsecret)

The function gpgme_op_genkey_start initiates agpgme_op_genkey operation. It can be completed by callinggpgme_wait on the context. See Waiting For Completion.

The function returns the error code GPG_ERR_NO_ERROR if theoperation could be started successfully, GPG_ERR_INV_VALUE ifparms is not a valid XML string, andGPG_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED if public or secret is notNULL.

Data type: gpgme_genkey_result_t

This is a pointer to a structure used to store the result of agpgme_op_genkey operation. After successfully generating akey, you can retrieve the pointer to the result withgpgme_op_genkey_result. The structure contains the followingmembers:

unsigned int primary : 1

This flag is set to 1 if a primary key was created and to 0if not.

Gpg4win 8192 Bit Key Generation 1

unsigned int sub : 1

This flag is set to 1 if a subkey was created and to 0 if not.

unsigned int uid : 1

This flag is set to 1 if a user ID was created and to 0 if not.

char *fpr

This is the fingerprint of the key that was created. If both aprimary and a subkey were generated, the fingerprint of the primarykey will be returned. If the crypto engine does not provide thefingerprint, fpr will be a null pointer.

gpgme_data_t pubkey

SINCE: 1.7.0

Gpg4win 8192 Bit Key Generation 2

This will eventually be used to return the public key. It iscurrently not used.

gpgme_data_t seckey

SINCE: 1.7.0

This will eventually be used to return the secret key. It iscurrently not used.

Function: gpgme_genkey_result_tgpgme_op_genkey_result(gpgme_ctx_tctx)

The function gpgme_op_genkey_result returns agpgme_genkey_result_t pointer to a structure holding the result ofa gpgme_op_genkey operation. The pointer is only valid if thelast operation on the context was a gpgme_op_genkey orgpgme_op_genkey_start operation, and if this operation finishedsuccessfully. The returned pointer is only valid until the nextoperation is started on the context.

Next: Signing Keys, Previous: Manipulating Keys, Up: Key Management [Contents][Index]